Comparison of Three Different Approaches in Pediatric Gartland Type 3 Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Treated With Cross-Pinning

Abstract

Introduction

Although closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are the accepted treatment approaches in pediatric humerus supracondylar fractures, the treatment approach in fractures without closed reduction remains unclear. This study compared the results of three different cross-pinning treatment methods.

Materials and methods

A total of 62 patients (1-13 years old) who were operated for Gartland type 3 humerus supracondylar fractures between 2007 and 2016 were evaluated retrospectively. Of the patients evaluated, 24 patients had closed reduction, 25 patients had direct reduction from the medial, and 13 patients had direct reduction from the lateral and cross-pinning. The functional and cosmetic results of the patients were evaluated according to Flynn's criteria. In addition, the Baumann angle, lateral capitellohumeral angle (LCHA), and postoperative complications were compared among groups.

Results

Both functional and cosmetic results and the Bauman and LCHA angles were similar in all three groups. In patients with open reduction, the control duration was significantly longer than that in patients with closed reduction, and this difference was due to a recent increase in the surgeons' preference for closed surgery. Two patients underwent pin site infection and two patients developed nerve palsy. Only the first patient who developed ulnar nerve palsy recovered during follow-up. Secondary surgery was applied to the other patient who developed brachial artery occlusion with ulnar and median nerve paralysis, and they recovered during follow-up. Three patients who underwent open surgery from the medial, along with the two patients who had undergone open surgery, developed pinhole infection. These patients were subsequently recovered with antibiotherapy without further complications. A patient who underwent open lateral surgery developed compartment syndrome and fasciotomy was performed.

Conclusion

Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are generally accepted approaches in the treatment of pediatric humerus supracondylar type 3 fractures. However, in cases where closed reduction cannot be achieved, pinning with the medial approach and taking the ulnar nerve and medial colon is a reliable method to avoid both ulnar nerve injury and cubitus varus.