Psychiatric Disorders And Eye: Optical Coherent Tomography In Psychiatry Aspect

Abstract

Optic coherence tomography is a novel imaging method which can demonstrate biological tissue layers by getting high resolution sections. This technique measures delay time and intensity of similar to 800 nm wavelenght infrared light which is transmitted to and reflected from different tissue layers. It gives cross sectional images of tissues similar to but with much higher resolution (1-15 mu m) than ultrasonography. OCT method was first described by Fujimoto et al from Massachusettes Institue of Technology. Then its use in ophthalmology and in neurology were described. Especially with today's OCT technology resolution is enhanced and differentiating ganglion cell komplex (GCC) (RNFL, GCL, IPL) from other parts of retina is now possible. Another parameter that can be measured with OCT is choroidal thickness. Choroid is among the most vascularized tissues in human body and it has important roles in oxygenization and nutrition of outer retina, temperature regulation of the retina, arrangement of the position of retina, disposition of waste products from retina, and release of growth factors. Thus, any vascular pathology can cause choroidal thinning.

Psychiatric use of OCT is relatively new, and few studies have been performed. This studies have also yielded heterogeneous results. Our aim this review elucidates the method of OCT and the retina's role as a "window to the brain". Furthermore, in delineating the degenerative components of psychiatric disorder, we discuss the possible applications of OCT in the psychiatric disorder population.