Investigation of Cytotoxic Effect of Salvia pilifera Extracts and Synthetic Chlorogenic an Caffeic Acids on DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells Line

Abstract

Salvia species have been used in the treatment of many diseases due to their medical effects. and the effects of these species on prostate cancer cells should be investigated in more detail. In this study. we aimed to determine anti-carcinogenic activities of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of Salvia pilifera and the synthetic chloregenic (CGA) and caffeic acids (CA) on DU-145 prostate cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of extracts and synthetic compounds on cell viability of DU-145 was measured by using MTT method. Induction of apoptosis was tested by using Annexin V and 7ADD staining. DNA fragmentation was evaluated in cells. Also, transcripton levels of Bax, ('aspase Caspase 9 and Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL genes were determined. Lastly. the phenolic compounds in MeOH extract were determined by HPLC. In MTT test, extracts, CGA and CA were found to be diminished proliferation of DU145 cells. However. in apoptosis assay. no apoptotic activity for extract and synthetic compounds was observed. in DNA fragmentation test, while no significant difference in extracts group was observed as compared to controls, fragment at ion as swab in synthetic compound groups was observed. Small changes were observed in transcription levels of apoptotic and antipoptotic genes. A total of 11 phenolic acids were determined including fumaric acid, gallic acid, gallocatechin, catechin, oleorufein, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid. 3-hydroxy cinnamic acid and protocatechuic acid. Results of the present study suggest that S pilifera extracts and synthetic CGA and CA might have cytotoxic effects on DU145 cell at certain concentration (>= 50 mu g ml(-1) for DCM: >= 100 mu g ml(-1) for MeOH: >= 1 mu g ml(-1) for CGA and CA) yet that these effects may be manifested through another pathway but apoptosis.