Afforestation Effect on Soil Quality of Sand Dunes

Abstract

This study, undertaken in the Kapikoy sand dune area of the southern Mediterranean coast in Turkey, determined the changes in soil quality along with consequent economical revenue following 35 years of acacia, eucalyptus, and stone pine plantations on a 4,900 ha sand dune site. Significant soil phosphate (190 kg/ha) and organic matter (approx. 4%) accumulation were determined in the zones of vegetation when compared to bare sand dunes within 35 years. Moreover, the local people's incomes from timber and stone pine nut production are increased, denoting a socio-economical improvement in the quality of life. Thus, the project appraised was successful not only for its positive effects on environmental parameters but also on socio-economic aspects. Lessons learned at Kapikoy set significant guidelines tor recovering degraded marginal lands in the semi-arid Mediterranean coastal zone of Anatolia. Consequently, the outcomes of this study are expected to increase public awareness of the success of the aforestation projects with evident economic viability.